Basic Input/Output System also incorrectly known as Basic Integrated Operating System and occasionally Built In Operating System.
BIOS refers to the firmware code run by an IBM compatible PC when first powered on.

The primary function of the BIOS is to prepare the machine so other software programs stored on various media (such as hard drives, floppies, and CDs) can load, execute, and assume control of the PC.

This process is known as booting up.
BIOS The set of routines stored in read-only memory that enable a computer to start the operating system and to communicate with the various devices in the system, such as disk drives, keyboard, monitor, printer, and communications ports.

• About BIOS

  Introduction to BIOS

  What BIOS Does?

  Booting the Computer

  Configuring BIOS

  Updating Your BIOS

An Operating System is the software that controls the operation of a computer, directs the input and output of data, keeps track of files, and controls the processing of computer programs.

Its roles include managing the functioning of the computer hardware, running the applications programs, serving as an interface between the computer and the user, and allocating computer resources to various functions. Through a process called time-sharing, a large computer can handle interaction with hundreds of users simultaneously, giving each the perception of being the sole user.

When several jobs reside in the computer simultaneously and share resources (multitasking), the OS allocates fixed amounts of CPU time and memory in turn or allows one job to read data while another writes to a printer and still another performs computations.
Operating systems offer a number of services to application programs and users. Applications access these services through application programming interfaces (APIs) or system calls. By invoking these interfaces, the application can request a service from the operating system, pass parameters, and receive the results of the operation.
For hand-held and desktop computers, the GUI is generally considered part of the operating system. For large multiuser systems, the GUI is generally implemented as an application program that runs outside the operating system.

• Inside Operating System

  Introduction to OS

  Essential Elements of OS

  Types of Operating System

  Task of OS

  Booting! What is this?

  What is Process Management?

  Memory Management

  Device Management

  UI Management

  Computer Network and OS

Windows 98 is an operating system that lets you use different types of applications or software. For example, it allows you to use a word processing application to write a letter, and a spreadsheet application to track your financial information.

Windows 98 is a graphical user interface (GUI). It has pictures (graphical) that you use (user) to communicate (interface) with the computer. This type of system is popular because it's logical, fun and easy to use.

This operating system has multitasking capabilities, meaning it can run several applications at the same time. Multitasking allows you to view this module on the Internet at the same time that you practice using other applications with Windows 98.

• Introduction to Windows 98

  Introduction

  New features

• Installing windows 98

  How to Install Windows 98? Step-by-Step

• Getting Started

  The Desktop

  Part of a Window

  Moving, Sizing, and Organizing Windows

  Switching between windows

  Dialog Boxes

  Identifying File Box Features

  Pointing and Clicking

  Working with menus

  Using Find in Windows 98

  Getting Help

• Windows Desktop & Start menu

  Selecting wallpaper of choice

  Applying screensaver

  Active Desktop

  Different Desktop Styler

  Customizing Start Menu

  Creating Desktop Shortcut

  Modifying Display setting

• Windows Taskbar & System tray

  Taskbar

  Quick Launch toolbar

  System tray

• Drives, Files & Folders

  What is a Drive?

  What is a Folder?

  What is a File?

  Create, rename, copy, move a File/Folder

• Favorite

  What are Favorites?

  Adding Files & folder to favorite

  Using Favorite

• Settings

  Taskbar setting

  Installing Printer

  Printer Setting

  Canceling a Print job

  Setting Data & Time

  Mouse setting

• Accessibility Options

  Introduction

  Accessibility wizard

  Using Control Panel to set Accessibility options

• Magnifier

  Using Magnifier

• Font & Character Map

  What is a Font?

  Installing a new Font

  Using Character Map

• Multimedia

  Multimedia features

  Plug & Play

• Maintenance

  Maintenance Wizard

  System tune-up tools

• What is a Network?

  What is a Network?

  What is a browser?

  Getting Connected to Internet

  Navigating WWW

• Using Outlook Express

  Sending a message

  Attaching a file to a message

  Receiving and reading a message

  Adding e-mail addresses to the address book

Windows Vista contains hundreds of new and reworked features; some of the most significant include an updated graphical user interface and visual style dubbed Windows Aero, improved searching features, new multimedia creation tools such as Windows DVD Maker, and completely redesigned networking, audio, print, and display sub-systems. Vista also aims to increase the level of communication between machines on a home network using peer-to-peer technology, making it easier to share files and digital media between computers and devices.

Microsoft assures you that Windows Vista will bring transparency to your world, so you can more safely and confidently rely on your PC. Get more lively multi-media experience with dynamic audio-video output, music and TV, exclusively on your Windows Vista-based PC.

Windows Vista also enables you to always stay connected to the people who are important to you from anywhere. Windows Vista always supports you to do what you dreamt of.

• The Basics of Windows Vista

  New features in Windows Vista

  Vista Versions

  Logging On

  The Vista Screen

• Getting Started with Vista

  Working with Mouse

  Using the Keyboard

  Using the Welcome Center

  Viewing the Demos

  Using the Desktop

  Using the Start Menu

  System Tray

  Using the Taskbar and Quick Launch

  Exiting Vista

  Logging off the Computer

  Restarting & Turning off the Computer

• Working with Vista

  Application Basics

  Moving Around in a Program

  Launching Help from an Application

  Ending a Frozen Program

  Exiting a Program

  Working with a Window

• Working with Files & Menus

  Understanding Files & Folders

  Basics of Menus

• Basic Vista Programs

  Notepad & WordPad

  Windows Media Player

  Calendar

  Managing your Contacts

  Windows Photo Gallery

• Using Internet on Vista

  Launching Internet Explorer

  IE 7 User Interface

  Surfing Internet with new the IE 7

• Using Windows Vista Help

  Windows Vista Help

Windows XP, Microsoft's first OS to combine the Windows 9x code with the NT code, finally removing the MS-DOS layer from Windows 9x, was released on October 25, 2001.
Windows XP is a line of proprietary operating systems developed by Microsoft for use on general-purpose computer systems, including home and business desktops, notebook computers, and media centers.The letters "XP" stand for eXPerience.XP added improved support for gaming, digital photography, instant messaging and wireless networking.

It added a personal firewall, and it improved the sharing of connections to the Internet.XP handles audio and video more efficiently than earlier versions of Windows, something which becomes apparent when you're using Windows Messenger.

• Introduction to Windows XP

  Introduction

  Description XP

  Getting Started with Windows XP

  Turn off, Restart, Stand By

  The Run Window

• Windows XP Basic

  The Operating System

  The Windows

  Handling Mouse and Keyboard

• Desktop

  Get to Know the Desktop

  The Bars and Start Button

  The Icon and Shortcuts

  Change the Date and Time

  Visualize the ToolBars

• Windows XP Explorer

  Explorer

  Explorer Window

  Explorer Views

  Selecting/Deleting Files

  Make New Folder

  Files and Folder Properties

• Searching

  Searching

  Searching Files and Folder

  Searching for People

• Recycle Bin

  Introduction to Recycle Bin

  Restoring files or folder

  Emptying the Recycle Bin

• Screen Configuration

  Introduction

  The Screen Saver

  Screen Appearance

  Resolution and Color

• Mouse Configuration

  The Buttons

  The Pointer

  Pointer Option

• Adding/Removing Programs

  Adding New Programs

  Modifying/Removing Programs

  Adding Windows Components

• Adding New Hardware

  Introduction

  Adding Hardware

  To Install Windows XP

• Printer

  Installing a Printer

  The Print Manager

  Printer Properties

• System Tools

  System Tools

  The Disk Defragmenter

  System Information

  Restore System

  Formatting a Disk

• Accessibility Option

  Using Accessibility Wizard

  Adjusting Accesibility Options

  Adjusting Display Options

  Adjusting Keyboard Options

  Adjusting Taskbar and Menu

  Using Narrator

• Magnifier

  Using Magnifier

  Turning ON and use Magnifier

  Changing the position of the Magnifier

  Invert the Color of Magnifier

• Windows Media Player

  Windows Media Player

  Current Playing

  Handling the Player

  How to Create a Play list

  The CD Player

  Copying a CD

• What's New?

  XP Documentation-PCE

  New Views and Option in Folder

  Security Center

  Networking

  Browsing the Interner

• Schedule Task

  Schedule Task

• Creating Your Account

  Manage User Profile

• Sound

  Sound

• Window's Help

  Window's Help

• How to Install Windows XP

  Upgrade to Windows XP

  To install XP in new Hard Drive

  To install XP in New Folder

Microsoft Disk Operating System is the Microsoft-marketed version of the first widely-installed operating system in personal computers.
It was essentially the same Operating System that Bill Gates's young company developed for IBM as Personal Computer- Disk Operating System(PC-DOS).

Most users... of either DOS system reffered to their systems as Disk Operating System .

Like PC-DOS , MS-DOS was (and still is) a non-graphical line-oriented command driven operating system, with a relatively simple interface but not overly "fiendly" user interface.Its prompt to enter a command look like this :
C:>
The first Microsoft Windows operating system was really an application that ran on top of MS-DOS operating System.
Today, Windows operating Systems continue to support DOS(or a DOS-like user interface) for special purpose by emulating the operating system.

• Introduction to Operating System

  Introduction

  Disk and Drives

  Working with Files & Directories

• DOS (Disk Operating System)

  Introduction to DOS

  History of DOS

  Why we need DOS?

  Activating DOS from Window

  The DOS Prompt

  Typing a Command in DOS

• DOS Commands

  Internal Commands

  External Commands

• DOS Directories and Files

  Directory Command

  Scroll through the Directory Listing

  Pause a Directory Listing

  View a Wide Listing of Files

  Recall a DOS Command

  Print a Directory Listing

  Check for a Single File

  Check for a group of File

  List Fie with the Same Extention

  Clear the Screen

  Creat a DOS File

  Copy a File

  Copy a File with New Extention

  Type a File with DOS

  Rename a File

  Rename a Group of File

  Creat a Subdirectory

  Move to a Subdirectory

  Set the DOS Prompt

  Move to the Parent Directory

  Copy a File into a Subdirectory

  Copy a Group of File into a Subdirectory

  List File in a Subdirectory

  List File in the Root from the Subdirectory

  Select the Directory List

  List Subdirectories

  Delete a Single File

  Delete a Group of Files

  Delete all Files in a Subdirectory

  Remove a Subdirectory

• Descriptive DOS Commands

  Attrib

  Cd or chdir

  Chkdsk

  Cls

  Copy

  Copy device

  Defrag

  Del or erase

  Deltree

  Dir

  Echo

  Edit

  Exit

  Fdisk

  Find

  Format

  Help

  Interlnk

  Intersvr

  Label

  Md or mkdir

  Mem

  Memmaker

  More

  Move

  Msd

  Pcpark

  Rd or rmdir

  Rem

  Ren

  Scandisk

  Set

  Sort

  Time and date

  Tree

  Truename

  Type

  Undelete

  Ver

  Xcopy

• Special Features in DOS

  Formatting a Floppy Disk

  Adding Parameters to a command

  Set the Date and Time

  Check the Date and Time

  Change the Default Drive

  Diskcopy Command

  Copying a File from the Hard Drive to a Floppy Disk

  Comparing two diskettes

  Checking the Condition of a Disk

  Displaying the contents of a file

  Wildcards

  Help

  Input/Output Redirection and Filter Commands

• Batch Files in DOS

  What's a batch file?

  How does a batch file work?

  What commands can we used in a batch file?

  What are the special characters commonly used in a batch file?

  How can we create a batch file?

Linux is a Unix-like computer operating system. Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free software and open source development; typically all underlying source code can be freely modified, used, and redistributed by anyone.

The Linux kernel was first released to the public on 17 September 1991, for the Intel x86 PC architecture. The kernel was augmented with system utilities and libraries from the GNU project to create a usable operating system, which led to an alternative term, GNU/Linux.

Linux is packaged for different uses in Linux distributions, which contain the sometimes modified kernel along with a variety of other software packages tailored to different requirements.
Linux is a complete operating system that is similar but not identical to UNIX. It runs on a wide variety of hardware, ranging from 386's/486's/Pentium*/etc to more exotic hardware such as Digital Alpha computers, PowerPCs, and Silicon Graphics workstations.
Probably the most unique characterisitc of Linux is that it is freely distributable. Freely distributable means that the source code for the kernel and most software cannot be withheld. It does not mean that companies cannot charge for it.

• Introduction to Linux

  The Unix era

  History of Linux

  Linux today

  Turn off, Restart, Stand By Why Linux?

  What is Linux Distribution?

  Different Linux Distributions

  Some Popular Linux Distributions

  How to Choose a Distribution?

  Downloading Linux

• Installing Linux

  Prerequisites

  Pre-install Tasks

  Installing Linux

  Post Installation Tasks

• Getting Started With Linux

  Logging into Linux

  Desktop Elements

  Working with Desktop

  Creating new Desktop Folder

  Creating Desktop shortcuts

• Desktop Environments

  X Windows System

  Gnome Desktop Environment

  KDE

  Other DE and Window Managers

• Linux Office Applications(OpenOffice.Org)

  Introduction

  Using Word Processor

  Spreadsheets and Presentation

  Creating PDF

• Working with Terminal/Shell

  Introduction to Linux Shell

  Starting and Customizing Shell interface

  Basic Shell commands

  Basic File Manipulation commands

  Basic Directory commands

  Using Vi editor

  Using nano text editor

• Multimedia and Games

  Playing a Song on Linux

  Playing Audio CD

  Playing VCD and DVD

  Playing Linux Games

• Internet Tools

  Configuring your Network

  Web Browsers

  Download managers

  IM Clients

• Working with other Linux Applications

  Using Text editor Paint brush & Calculator

  Creating Icon and Taking Screen Shots

  Creating Zip files with File Roller

  Setting Alarm with KAlarm

• Appendix

  Ten Most Popular Linux Distributions

  Using Help

Windows 8 introduced major changes to the operating system's platform and user interface to improve its user experience on tablets, where Windows was now competing with mobile operating systems, including Android and iOS.
In particular, these changes included a touch-optimized Windows shell based on Microsoft's "Metro" design language, the Start screen (which displays programs and dynamically updated content on a grid of tiles)
A new platform for developing apps with an emphasis on touchscreen input, integration with online services (including the ability to sync apps and settings between devices), and Windows Store, an online store for downloading and purchasing new software.
Windows 8 added support for USB 3.0, Advanced Format hard drives, near field communications, and cloud computing. Additional security features were introduced, such as built-in antivirus software, integration with Microsoft Smart Screen phishing filtering service and support for UEFI Secure Boot on supported devices with UEFI firmware, to prevent malware from infecting the boot process.
Windows 8 was released to a mixed reception. Although reaction towards its performance improvements, security enhancements, and improved support for touchscreen devices was positive, the new user interface of the operating system was widely criticized for being potentially confusing and difficult to learn (especially when used with a keyboard and mouse instead of a touchscreen).
On October 17, 2013, Microsoft released Windows 8.1. Windows 8.1 is an upgrade for Windows 8. It addresses some aspects of Windows 8 that were criticized by reviewers and early adopters and incorporates additional improvements to various aspects of the operating system.

• GETTING STARTED WITH WINDOWS

  Start Windows

  Explore the Windows Start Screen

  Display the Charms Menu

  Get to Know the Windows Apps

  Connect to a Wireless Network

  Create a Microsoft Account

  Work with Notifications

  Put Windows to Sleep

  Restart Windows

  Shut Down Windows

• LAUNCHING AND WORKING WITH APPS

  Explore the Windows Store

  Install an App

  Start an App

  Understanding Desktop App Windows

  Using a Ribbon

  Using a Pull-Down Menu

  Using Dialog Boxes

  Using Scroll Bars

  Switch between Running Apps

  Update an App

  Uninstall an App

• CUSTOMISING WINDOWS

  Configure the Start Screen

  Pin an App to the Start Screen

  Open the PC Settings App

  Change the Start Screen Background

  Change the Lock Screen Background

  Add an App to the Lock Screen

  Synchronize Settings Between PCs

  Pin an App to the Taskbar

  Adjust the Volume

  Set the Time Zone

• SURFING WORLD WIDE WEB

  Understanding the World Wide Web

  Start Internet Explorer

  Navigate Internet Explorer

  Select a Link

  Enter a Web Page Address

  Navigate Web Pages

  Find Text on a Page

  Save Favourite Web Pages

  Download a File

• SENDING AND RECEIVING E-MAIL

  Configure an E-mail Account

  Send an E-mail Message

  Format the Message Text

  Set the Message Priority

  Add a File Attachment

  Receive and Read E-mail Messages

  Reply to a Message

  Forward a Message

  Delete a Message

  Create a Folder for Saving Messages

• GETTING SOCIAL WITH WINDOWS

  Create a Contact

  Connect to Facebook

  Connect to Twitter

  Connect to LinkedIn

  Add Your Google Account

  View Your Calendar

  Add an Event to Your Calendar

  Add an Event Reminder

• PERFORMING DAY TO DAY TASK

  Search Your PC

  Display a Location on a Map

  Get Directions to a Location

  Check Your Weather Forecast

  Plan a Trip

  Get the Latest News

  Track a Stock

• WORKING WITH IMAGES

  Import Images from a Digital Camera

  Navigate the Pictures Library

  Start a Slide Show

  Repair an Image

  Crop an Image

  Rotate an Image

  Delete an Image

  Print an Image

  Take a Picture with Your PC Camera

• WORKING WITH MULTIMEDIA

  Import Videos from a Digital Camera

  Navigate the Videos Library

  Watch a Video

  Play a Music CD

  Navigate the Music Library

  Play Music

  Create a Playlist

  Create a Radio Station

• SHARING YOUR COMPUTER

  Display User Accounts

  Create a User Account

  Switch Between Accounts

  Change Your User Account Picture

  Change a User’s Password

  Delete an Account

C is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative computer programming language developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system.

It is a high-level programming language that is able to manipulate the computer at a low level like assembly language. During the last half of the 1980s, C became the language of choice for developing commercial software.

C has also greatly influenced many other popular languages, especially C++, which was originally designed as an enhancement to C. It is the most commonly used programming language for writing system software, though it is also widely used for writing applications.C, and its object-oriented successor C++, are used to write a huge variety of applications and almost all operating systems.

• Fundamental concept of problem solving

  Introduction

  concept of problem solving

  Problem design and implementation

• Introduction to C

  Introduction

  How to open C program code window

  Description of C code window

  Editing file

  Saving and running a program

  The component of C language

  Structure of C Program

  A sample of C language program

• C character set & Keywordsp

  Introduction

  The C character set

  Identifiers

  Keywords

• Data types

  Introduction

  Primary data types

  Secondary data types

• Variables

  Introduction

  Rules for constructing variables names

  Variable declaration

  Assigning values to variables

  Scope of variable:Local & global

• Constants

  Introduction

  Character constants

  Integer constants

  Real constants

  Logical & string constants

• C instruction set

  Introduction

  Type declaration & Input/Out instructions

  Arithmetic instructions

  Control instructions

• Operators

  Introduction

  Arithmetic operators

  Relational operators

  Logical operators

  Increment & decrement operator

  Bitwise operator

  Conditional & ternary operator

  The comma operator

  Size of operator

  Assignment operator

  Type modifier

• Expressions

  Evaluation of Expression

  Autometic type conversion

• Basic Input/Output

  Introduction

  Console I/O function

  Disc & port I/O function

• Control structure

  Sequence control statements

  Decision control & conditional statements

  Case control statements

  Repitition and loop control statements

  Some more statements

• Array & string

  Introduction of Array

  Array declaration

  Array initialization

  Two dimensional Array

  Multi dimensional Array

  String

• Function and recursion

  Function definition

  Function declaration

  Function call

  Recursion

• Pointer

  Introduction

  Pointer expression

  Pointer & functions

  Pointer & Arrays

  Multidimensional arrays & pointer

  Arrays of pointer

  Pointer & functions

• Structures

  Introduction

  Giving values to member

  Structure initialization

  Comparison of structure variables

  Arrays of structures

  Arrays within structures

  Structures within structures

  Passing structure to function

• Union

  Introduction

  Accessing a union member

  Initialization of union member

  Uses of union

• Dynamic data structure

  Linked list

  Stack

  Queue

• Data file handling

  Introduction

  File operation

  Opening and closing a data file

  Creating a data file

  Processing a data file

  Unformmated data file

• The C preprocesssor & macro

  Introduction

  Macro substitution directives

  File inclusion

  Compiler control directive

• Command line parameter of C

  Command line parameter

• Header file

  Introduction

  Use of library functions

  Some useful library functions

C++ is a general-purpose, high-level programming language with low-level facilities. It is a statically typed, free-form, multi-paradigm language, supporting procedural programming, data abstraction, object-oriented programming, generic programming and RTTI.

Bjarne Stroustrup developed C++ (originally named "C with Classes") in 1983 at Bell Labs as an enhancement to the C programming language.

Enhancements started with the addition of classes, followed by, among other features, virtual functions, operator overloading, multiple inheritance, templates, and exception handling. A new version of the standard (known informally as C++0x) is being developed.
C++ became popular because it combined traditional C programming with object-oriented programming (OOP) features. Smalltalk and other OOP languages did not provide the familiar structures of conventional languages such as C and Pascal.
Since the 1990s, C++ has been one of the most popular commercial programming languages. Microsoft's Visual C++ is the most widely used C++ language.

• Programming Techniques

  Introduction

  Various programming techniques

• Principal of Object Oriented Programming

  Introduction of OOP

• Introduction of C++

  History of C++

  Introduction of C++

  First C++ program

  Overview of OOP using C++

• Elements of C++ Language

  Tokens

  Literals & constant

  Variables

  Declaration of Variable

  Data types

  Pointer

  Constant

• Control structures & Operators

  Introduction of control structure

  Introduction of Operators

  Precedence of Operators

  Expression

• Functions

  Introduction

  Function declaration & prototyping

  Function definition & call

  Return values of functions

  Types of function

  Inline functions

  Recursion

  Manipulators

• Objects & Classes

  Object

  Classes

  Object & classes together

  Command line arguments

• Constructors & Destructors

  Basic constructors

  Copy constructors

  Dynamic constructor

  Destructors in details

• Operator Overloading & Type Conversion

  Operator overloading

  Binary operator overloading

  Type conversion

• Inheritance

  Data Hiding

  Inheritance

  Multiple Inheritance

• Pointers,Virtual Functions & Polymorphism

  An Introduction to pointer

  Pointers

  Polymorphism

  Virtual functions

• I/O Operations

  Insertion & Extraction

  Streams

  Stream functions

  Formatting

  Manipulators again

  I/O status handling

• Working with Files

  Streams revisit

  Opening & closing a file

  Writing to a text file

  Reading a text file

• Template & Exception Handling

  Introduction of template

  Function template

  Class template

  Exception Handling

• Namespace & Dynamic Memory

  Introduction of Namespace

  Introduction of Dynamic Memory

  New & Delete Operators

Core Java offers a total immersion approach for C\C++ programmer wanting to learn java.
The course will use JDK(Java Development Kit) and covers all the new language features.

This course inclues worked out examples illustrating new JDK features that are fully explained thoughout the course.

Core Java has been carefully planned to help students create faster, smaller and more efficient Java application.

• Java Evolution

  Java History

  Java features

  Benefits of java over C and C++

  How Java works

  The Java programming language

  The Java Platform

  Java Development Kit

  Hardware & Software requirement

  Disadvantage of Java

• Overview of Java Language

  Developing the Java Application

  Comments in Java Code

  Defining a class

  The main method

  Using classes and objects

  Java Program Structure

  Java Tokens

• Constant, Variable and Datatype

  Variable

  Declaring Variable

  Rule on Variable Names

  Variable Type

  Primitive Data Type

  Constants

• Operator and Expression

  Expression and operators

  Operator Precedence

  Integer Operators

  Relational Integer Operators

  Floating point Operators

  Relational Floating point Operator

  String Operator

  Assignment Operator

  Arithmetic assignment Operator

  Conversions

  Casts

  Boolean expression & Operations

  Logical Operators

  Bitwise operators

  The complement operator

• Decision making, Branching & looping

  Flow control with if & else

  The if statement

  The else statement

  Switch statement

  For, while & do-while statement

  The for statement

  The while statement

  The do-while statement

  Using break and continue

  The break statement

  The continue statement

• Class Object and Method

  Introduction to class

  The benefit of classes

  Defining class

  Class using constructor

  Object

  Declaring an Object

  Instantiating an Object

  Initializing an Object

  Referencing an object's Variable

  Calling an Object method

  Creating a class

  The class Declaration

  The class body

  Constructions for class

  Implementing Methods

  The Method body

  A Method's name

  Example of Math class

• Array and String

  Array

  Java array

  Object array

  Strings

  String concatenation

• Inheritance

  Introduction

  Creating subclasses

  Member variables in subclass inherit

  Hiding member Variables

  Methods in subclass Inherit

  Overriding Method

  Methods a subclass cann't override

  Methods a subclass must override

  The Benefits of Inheritance

  Interfaces

  Interfaces and Classes

  Implementing and using Interface

  Implementing Multiple Interfaces

  Creating and Extending Interfaces

  Methods inside Interfaces

  Extending Interfaces

• Packagee

  Introduction

  Declaring Packages

  Importing Packages

  Creating Our Own Packages

  The Java Language Packages

  The Java I/O Packages

  The Java Utility Packages

  The Java Networking Packages

  The Java Applet Packages

  The Java abstract Window Toolkit Packages

• Multithreading

  Introduction

  Thread

  Thread Attributes

  Thread State

  Thread Group

  Method that Operate on All Thread

  Access Restriction Methods

  The notify All () and wait () methods

  Frequently used Method

• Exception Handling

  Introduction

  What is an Exception

  If Exception than?

  The exception handling technique

  Some terminology

  Throw an exception

  Throw, try, and catch blocks

  Multiple catch blocks

  The finally clause

  The throwable class

  Type of exception

  Different list of exception

  Built-in Exceptions

• Applet

  Introduction

  How Applets and Applications are different

  Limitation of Applets

  The Applet Class

  Major Applets Activities

  The life cycle of a Web page Applet

  Including an Applet on a Web Page

  Essential HTML to launch an Applet & pass it parameters

  Launching an Applet in an html/core_java Document

  A Sample Applet that receives a Parameter

  Posting a Web Page that launches a custom Applet

• Managing Input/Output Files in Java

  Introduction

  Stream

  Input Streams

  The Abstract Class Input Stream

  The File Class

  The FileDialog Class

  Low-level & High-level Stream Class

  The FileOutputStream Class

  The FileInputStream Class

  The DataOutputStream Class

  The DataInputStream Class

  The ObjectOutputStream Class

  The objectInputStream Class

C# (see section on name, pronunciation) is an object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft as part of the .NET initiative and later approved as a standard by ECMA and ISO.

Anders Hejlsberg leads development of the C# language, which has a procedural, object-oriented syntax based on C++ and includes aspects of several other programming languages (most notably Delphi and Java) with particular emphasis on simplification.

C#'s principal designer and lead architect at Microsoft is Anders Hejlsberg. His previous experience in programming language and framework design (Visual J++, Borland Delphi, Turbo Pascal) can be readily seen in the syntax of the C# language, as well as throughout the Common Language Runtime (CLR) core.C# is intended to be a simple, modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language.

• About MicroSoft.Net Technology

  Introduction

  Standardization and licensing

  Versions & Changes

  .NET vs. Java and Java EE

  Criticism

• About C#

  What is C#?

  C# & Other OOP Languages

  Why c#

• Basics of C#

  Primitive Data Types

  The Value Type

  Methods & Formal Parameters

  Operators & Variables

  Types Conversion in C#

  Enum

  Type Safety in C#

  Using Return Statements

  Scope of the variable

  Control Statements

  Early & Late Binding

  Managed and Unmanaged code

  Getting Started with C#

• Object Oriented Concept in C#

  Class & Object

  Inheritance

  Interfaces

  Abstract Class

  Sealed Class

  Polymorphism

  Overloading

• Abstract Class and Interfaces

  Abstract Classes and Methods

  Interfaces

  Advantage & Disadvantages of Interface

• Namespaces and Base Classes

  Introduction

  Namespaces in C#2.0

  The Base Classes

• Enumerations, Arrays and String Manipulation

  Enums

  Arrays

  String Manipulation in C#

• Collections

  Collections & Collection Classes

• Properties and Access Attributes

  Properties

  Restrictions of properties

  Attributes

• Indexer

  Indexers

  Comparison : Properties & Indexers

• Delegates and Events

  Delegates

  Events

  Event Handlers

• Errors and Exceptions Handling

  Errors

  Exceptions

  Creating Custom Exceptions

• Garbage Collection and Resource Management

  The Life and Time of an object

  What is garbage collection?

  Resource Management

• Graphical Device Interface (GDI+)

  Graphics Handling

  Graphical Device Interface (GDI)

  Sample Examples:

• File Handling

  Files & Folders

  Stream

  Creating Objects

• Generics

  Introduction

  What are Generics?

  Csharp Generics Collection Interfaces

• Value and Reference Type

  Types

  Value Types

  Reference Types

• What’s New in C#2.0 and C#3.0

  What’s New in .Net 2.0

  What’s New in C# 2.0

  What's New in C# 3.0 (A Brief Preview)

ASP.NET is the latest version of Microsoft's Active Server Pages technology (ASP). ASP.NET is a part of the Microsoft .NET framework, and a powerful tool for creating dynamic and interactive web pages.

The .NET Framework is a library used to create both computer-based and web-based applications. It is made of different parts. The section that deals with computer applications is referred to as Windows Forms. The part dedicated to the web is called ASP.NET.

Active Server Pages (ASP) is a technology developed primarily by Microsoft to create dynamic web sites that allow a visitor to submit values to a web page. The web page would then transmit the results to a web server. This technology requires some use and knowledge of a scripting language such as VBScript or JavaScript. It is also easily understandable to Visual Basic programmers because both use the same approach to solve problems. To enhance it, Microsoft developed ASP.NET. This new approach allows you to use the .NET Framework and its rich features to create web-based applications.

• Introduction

  Introduction

  Features of ASP.Net

  Difference b/w asp, asp.net

  Additional New features in asp.net 2.0 (Adv.)

  Software and Hardware Requirements

• Working with Visual Studio 2005

  Introduction to Visual Studio

  Visual Studio 2005 Integrated Development Environment

  Working with Visual Studio 2005

  Creating a Web application

  Building and Running the Project

  Web Project Migration to Visual Studio NET 2005

  Complete Example for using Visual Studio NET 2005

• Web Application and Page structure

  The ASP.Net Application Location Options

  The Structure Options in ASP.Net Page

  ASP.Net 2.0 Page Directives

  ASP.Net Page Event

  Dealing with PostBacks

  Folders in ASP.NET Application

  An Example of Creating a Web Site

• ASP.NET Application Phases

  Web Application Processing

  Page Life Cycle

  Page Life Cycle Events

  Application Life Cycle

  Application Life Cycle Event

  Compilation Life Cycle

  Handling Application Restarts

  HTTP Modules

  Global.asax in ASP.NET 2.0

  A Sample Code to See Page Life Cycle

  An Example for Using Global.asax

• State Management and Web Application

  What is State Management

  What’s New in State Management

  Guidelines for ASP.NET State Management

  Client Side State Management

  Server Side State Management

  An Example of State Management

• ASP.Net HTML Server Control

  ASP.Net Server Control

  Steps to Add Server Control in Web Page

  Introduction to ASP.NET HTML Server Controls

  HTML Server Controls in Visual Studio 2005

  Using ASP.NET 2.0 HTML Server Controls

  Merit of HTML Server Controls

  Demerit of HTML Server Controls

  An Example of Using HTML Server Controls

• ASP.Net Web Server Control

  ASP.NET Web Server Controls

  How to Add Server Control to Web Page

  ASP.NET 2.0 Standard Web Server Controls

  The Core differences between HTML Controls and ASP .NET Controls

  Merits & Demerits of ASP.NET Server Controls

  An Example of Using ASP.NET Web Server Controls

• New Web Server Controls in ASP.Net 2.0

  Introduction

  Steps to Add Server Control in Web Page

  Bulleted List Web Server Control

  Bulleted List Web Server Control

  View and Multiview Web Server Controls

  Wizard Web Server Control

  FileUpload Web Server Control

  ImageMap Web Server Control

  An Example of Using New Web Server Controls

• Validation Server Control

  What is Validation?

  Advantage of Validation Controls

  Validation Controls and JavaScript

  Client-Side Validation

  Server-Side Validation

  ASP.NET Validation Server Controls

  Working of ASP.Net Validation Server Controls

  Security and Validation Controls

  Disabling the Client Side Validation

  Error Notification using Image or Sound

  Dealing with Validation Groups

  An Example Using Validation Server Controls

• Master Pages

  Master Page

  Advantages of Master Page

  Difference between Master Page and normal .aspx page

  Working of Master Pages

  Working with controls and properties from Master Page

  To Customize contents within a Content Control in Content Page

  Advanced concepts of Master Pages

• Caching in ASP.Net

  What is Caching?

  What’s new in Caching & its advantages?

  Types of Caching in ASP.Net

  Expiration

  Caching Programmatically

• Data Binding in ASP.Net 2.0

  Introduction to Data Source Controls

  Steps to Add Data Source Controls in Web Page

  GridView Web Server Control

  DetailsView Web Server Control

  FormView Web Server Control

  Repeater Web Server Control

  DataList Web Server Control

• Personalization

  Introduction

  The Personalization Modeling

  Retrieving Personalization Information

  Personalization Property Creation

  Anonymous Personalization

  Personalization Provider

  Themes and Skins

• Site Navigation

  Introduction to Site Navigation

  SiteMapPath Server Control

  TreeView Server Control

  Menu Server Control

  SiteMapData Provider

  Sitemap in Asp.Net

• Tracing, Debugging and Error Handling Techniques

  Tracing

  Debugging

  Exception and Error Handling

• Deployment and Packaging of ASP.Net Application

  Introduction

  ASP.NET Web Application Structure

  Deployment in ASP.NET 2.0

  Deploying Method in ASP.NET 2.0

  Creating Web Setup Project Using Visual Studio.NET

AutoCAD is a CAD software application for 2D and 3D design and drafting, developed and sold by Autodesk, Inc. Initially released in late 1982, AutoCAD was one of the first CAD programs to run on personal computers, and notably the IBM PC. Most CAD software at the time ran on graphics terminals connected to mainframe computers or mini-computers.

In earlier releases, AutoCAD used primitive entities — such as lines, polylines, circles, arcs, and text — as the foundation for more complex objects. Since the mid-1990s, AutoCAD has supported custom objects through its C++ API. Modern AutoCAD includes a full set of basic solid modeling and 3D tools, but lacks some of the more advanced capabilities of solid modeling applications.

• Getting Started with AutoCAD

  An Introduction to AutoCAD

  Angular Measurement

  Entering Points in AutoCAD

  Icons, Keystrokes and Menus

  The AutoCAD Screen

  Basic AutoCAD Terminology

  Introduction to Drawing and Modify Commands

  Drawing lines to exact points

  Basic Drawing Skills

  Modifying Commands

  Object Snaps

  Accurate Input

  Selecting Objects in AutoCAD

  More Modifying Commands

  Layers and Dimensioning

  Direct Distance Entry

  Polar Tracking

  Object Snap Tracking

  Object Properties

  Other objects

  Changing Layers

  Conclusion

• Planning a Project

  Planning a Project

  Zooming and Panning

  Formatting Text

  Creating New Textsyles

  Layout Tabs - Paper space & Model space

  Blocks

  Attributes

  Polylines

  Hatching

• Introduction to 3-D

  Introduction - why 3-d?

  3-D Cad Terminology

  Isometric Drawing

  Working In 3 Dimensions

  Viewing 3-D Objects

  Basic wire-frame models

  Line thickness

  Regions and 3-D surfaces

  New project

  Extruding to create 3Dobjects

  Revolved objects

  Adding materials

  Primitive solids

  Boolean operations

  The user co-ordinate system (ucs)

  Mapping materials

  Creating new materials

• Advanced Topics

  Autocad Template Files

  Using Object snaps In Autocad

  Linetypes And Linetype Scale

  Autocad File Formats

  Grip Editing

  Autocad's Inquiry Tools

  Using X-Refs In Autocad

  System Variables

  Tables

  Sheet Set Overview

  Dimensioning And Dimension Styles

At the releasing time of the .NET Framework, Microsoft introduced a new data access model, called ADO.NET. The ActiveX Data Object acronym was no longer relevant, as ADO.NET was not ActiveX, but Microsoft kept the acronym due to the huge success of ADO. In reality, it’s an entirely new data access model written in the .NET Framework.

ADO.NET supports various data sources through both ODBC and OLE-DB, but it also offers another option of using database-specific data providers.

These data providers offer greater performance by being able to take advantage of data-source-specific optimizations.
The original release of ADO.NET included a SQL provider and an OLE-DB provider, with the ODBC and Oracle providers being introduced later. But it supports a number of other providers too.

• History of Data Access

  Data Access in starting days

  Birth of Universal Data Access

  Data Access Consumers

• Introduction ADO.Net

  Overview of ADO.NET

  ADO.NET Architecture

  Benefits of ADO.NET

  Difference between ADO and ADO.NET

• Standardized Database Objects and Design

  Creating Databases

  Naming Conventions

  Primary Keys

  Foreign Keys

  Indexes

  Views

  Normalization

• ADO.NET Essentials

  Overview of .NET Data Provider

  Connection Strings

  Connections

  Dataset

  Using Data Adapter

  Using Data Reader

  DataTable

  DataSet, DataTable, DataReader, or an Object?

• Standard Data Types

  DataTypes in SQL Server

• Data Bindings

  Introduction (Data Binding)

  Windows Forms versus Web Applications

  Data Binding in ASP.NET

  Windows Forms Applications

• Binding Controls to Database

  Simple Binding

  Complex Binding

  Binding Data to Controls

  Navigating in Datasets

  Using SQL Parameters

• Handling Database in Code

  The OleDbConnection Class

  The SqlConnection Class

  The OracleConnection Class

  The OleDbCommand Class

  The SqlCommand Class

  The OracleCommand Class

  The OleDbDataAdapter Class

  The SqlDataAdapter Class

  The DataSet Class

  The OleDbDataReader Class

  The SqlDataReader Class

  The DataTable Class

  The DataRow Class

  The DataColumn Class

  The DataRelation Class

• Data Source, Data Control Parameters & Different views

  Understanding Data Source Controls

  Working with Data Source Control Parameters

  Data Binding using Databound Controls

  Working with GridView Control

  Working with DetailsView Controls

  Binding Standard Web Server Controls

  Controls Designed for use with Databases

  Using Data Lists in Web Applications

  Using Repeaters in Web Applications

  Working with FormView

• New Features of ADO.NET 2.0

  Salient features of ADO.NET 2.0

C is a general-purpose, block structured, procedural, imperative computer programming language developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system. It has since spread to many other platforms. Although C was designed as a system implementation language, it is also widely used for applications. C has also greatly influenced many other popular languages,especially C++, which was originally designed as an extension to C.

Despite its popularity, C has been widely criticized. Such criticisms fall into two broad classes: desirable operations that are too hard to achieve using unadorned C, and undesirable operations that are too easy to accidentally invoke while using C. Putting this another way, the safe, effective use of C requires more programmer skill, experience, effort, and attention to detail than is required for some other programming languages.
This Tutorial Covers a lot of Advance C concept(such as Graphic Under C, TSRs, Drivers, and Kernal basics). As said earlier, effective use of C requires more programmer skill, experience, effort, and attention to detail than is required for some other programming languages, so be careful while using examples given and/or doing some R&D based on the code samples provided.

• Introduction to Advance concepts of C

  Introduction

  Prerequisite

• File Handling using C

  Introduction to File Handling

  Opening and Closing a File

  Reading File Contents

  Writing Text to a File

  Working with Binary File functions

  Formatted Input/ Output

  Low Level Disk I/O

• Graphics Programming with Turbo C

  Introduction

  Getting started with Graphics mode

  Working with Shapes

• Hardware Programming with C

  Introduction to Device Driver Programming

  Windows Device Driver Development

  Programming Video RAM

  Interrupt Programming

  Working with keyboard

  Working with Sound Device

• TSR & Device Driver Programming with C

  Introduction to TSRs

  Getting Started With TSRs

  Device Driver Programming

• Operating System Development

  Writing Your Own OS

A data structure is a way of storing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently. Often a carefully chosen data structure will allow the most efficient algorithm to be used. The choice of the data structure often begins from the choice of an abstract data type. A well-designed data structure allows a variety of critical operations to be performed, using as few resources, both execution time and memory space, as possible. Data structures are implemented using the data types, references and operations on them provided by a programming language, such as C.

Different kinds of data structures are suited to different kinds of applications, and some are highly specialized to certain tasks. For example, B-trees are particularly well-suited for implementation of databases, while routing tables rely on networks of machines to function.
The fundamental building blocks of most data structures are arrays, records, discriminated unions, and references. For example, the nullable reference, a reference which can be null, is a combination of references and discriminated unions, and the simplest linked data structure, the linked list, is built from records and nullable references.

• Introduction to Data structures

  Introduction

• Pointers

  Introduction to Pointer

  Declaration & Syntax

  Working with Pointers

• Array

  Introduction to Arrays

  Application of Arrays

  Array Manipulation

  Merging Array

  Sorting Arrays

• Stack & Queue

  Introduction to Stack & Queue

  Working with Stacks

  Working with Queues

• Linked List

  Concept of Linked List

  Inserting a Node

  Sorting and Reversing Link List

  Counting No. of Nodes in a List

  Deleting a Node from Link List

  Doubly Link List

• Tree

  Concept of Tree

  Binary Tree

  Binary Tree Traversal

  Searching Binary Tree

  Counting Nodes of Binary Tree

  Deleting Node from BST

• Graph

  Introduction

  Representations of Graph

  Traversing a Graph

  DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph)

• Hashing, Searching & Sorting

  Introduction

  Hashing Functions

  Linear Search

  Binary Search

  Bubble Sort

  Quick Sort

  Merge Sort

  Heap Sort

Fortran Originally developed by IBM in the 1950s for scientific and engineering applications.
Fortran (acronym for Formula Translation ) is a very old language mainly used by the scientific community and its aim is to provide a way to tell computers to calculate mathematical expressions.

Successive versions of Fortran have added support for processing of character-based data ( [F77]), array programming, module-based programming and object-based programming (Fortran 90/95), and object-oriented and generic programming (Fortran 2003).

Fortran is still widely used for scientific application and mainframe platform.

• Introduction

  What is Fortran

  Advantage of Fortran

  Difference between Fortran 77 & 90

• Basic of FORTRAN language

  Basic of FORTRAN

  Constant

  FORTRAN variable

  Data type

• Fortran Expression and I/O statement

  FORTRAN expression

  Artethematic & Integer Expression

  Real & complex Expression

  Mixed & character expression

  Relational & logical expression

  Input statement

  Output statement

  How to write simple program

  FORTRAN statement layout

• Control Statement

  What is control statement?

  If.. Else tatement

  Goto & do statement

  Continue & stop statement

  Pause & end statement

• Array

  Introduction to array

  Types of array

  One dimensional array

  Two dimensional arrays

• Function & Pointer

  Basic function & subroutines

  Subprogram

  Statement function

  Intrinsic function & Library function

  External function

  Subroutine

  Pointer

JDBC is an API for the Java programming language that defines how a client may access a database. It provides methods for querying and updating data in a database. JDBC is oriented towards relational databases.

The Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) is the industry standard for database-independent connectivity between the Java programming language and a wide range of databases – SQL databases and other tabular data sources, such as spreadsheets or flat files. The JDBC provides a call-level API for SQL-based database access.

JDBC technology allows you to use the Java programming language to exploit "Write Once, Run Anywhere" capabilities for applications that require access to enterprise data. With a JDBC technology-enabled driver, you can connect all corporate data even in a heterogeneous environment.

• RELATIONAL DATABASE CONCEPT

  Introduction

  What is Database?

  Acid properties and Normalization

• DATABASE CONNECTIVITY

  Introduction

  JDBC Architecture

  JDBC Driver

• Using JDBC API

  Introduction

  Loading a Driver

  Connecting to a Database

  Creating and Executing JDBC Statements

  Handling SQL Exceptions

• ACCESSING RESULT SETS

  Introduction

  Types of Result Sets

  Methods of ResultSet Interface

• QUERYING AND MODIFYING DATA USING THE PREPAREDSTATMENT OBJECT

  Introduction

  Methods of the PreparedStatement Interface

  Retrieving Rows

  Inserting Rows

  Deleting Records Using the Prepared Statements

• MANAGING DATABASE TRANSACTIONS

  Introduction

  Committing a Transaction

• PERFORMING BATCH UPDATES

  Introduction

  Implementing Batch Updates in JDBC

  Description of Batch Updates

  Exception-Handling in Batch Updates

• CREATING AND CALLING STORED PROCEDURES IN JDBC

  Introduction

  Creating Stored Procedures

  Calling a Stored Procedure from JDBC

• USING METADATA IN JDBC

  Introduction

  Using DatabaseMetadata Interface

  Using the JDBC MetaData Interface

• JDBC API

  JDBC API Interface

Visual Basic is a high level programming language evolved from the earlier DOS version called BASIC. [Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code], programming language from Microsoft specialized for developing Windows applications.

Visual Basic is Easy to learn Programming language. With Visual Basic you can develop Windows based applications and games. When first released in 1991, it was similar to Microsoft's QuickBASIC, With its visual user interface development tools.

Visual Basic became very popular by the mid-1990s. Visual Basic is much more easier to learn than other language (like Visual C++), and yet it's powerful programming language.
In VISUAL BASIC, programming is done in a graphical environment. Because users may click on a certain object randomly, so each object has to be programmed independently to be able to response to those actions (events).

• Introduction to Visual Basic

  History of Visual Basic

  Graphical User Interface (GUI)s

  Getting started with Visual Basic

  Visual Basic Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

  Application of VISUAL BASIC

• Data types and modules

  Data types

  Variables

  Constants

  Modules

• Operators

  Arithmetic operators

  Logical operators

  Relational operators

• Arrays

  Introduction of array

  Declaration of array

• Conditional statement and loop structure

  If..then..statement

  If..then..else statement

  Select case statement

  Do..Loop structure

  For..next structure

• Procedure

  Sub procedures

  Function procedures

  Property procedure

• Functions

  Visual basic functions

• Methods and events

  Methods

  Syntax for calling Methods

  Events

  Example of an event in an application

• Working with forms

  Form basis

  Form properties

  The form events

  The form methods

  Setting runtime and design time properties

  Setting start up form

• Creating simple application in visual basic

  Structure of a visual basic application

  Designing the visual interface form

  Adding code for the program

  Compiling the project

  Creating an exe

  Running the project

  Making different applications

• Working with files

  Saving project or files

  Opening existing project

  Adding file to the project

  Removing file from the project

  Removing project

  Exiting from Visual Basic

Microsoft Access is a Window based program created by Microsoft. It helps you store & manage a large collection of information.

A systamatically arrangeed database helps you manage the stored information in an efficient way so that It can access quickly whenever needed.

You can easily create such a database using Access.

A good Database design ensure that you will be able to perform various tasks on it efficiently and accurately and without any hindrance.

• Introduction to Database

  Database

  RDBMS

  Object of RDBMS

• Introduction to Access

  Access

  Getting Started

  Creating New and Opening Existing Database

  Creating DB using Database Wizard

  Creating DB without using Database Wizard

• Tables

  Introduction to table

  Creating table

  Table in design view

  Working on tables

  Description of design view

  Properties of fields

  Primary Key

  Switching view

  Entering data

  Manipulation data

  Relationships

• Handling Queries

  Introduction to query

  Creating a query in design view

  Query wizards

  Finding duplicate query

• Forms

  Creating form by using Wizard

  Creating form by design view

  Adding Records using A form

  Editing Forms

  Form Control

  Command Buttons

• Reports

  Report using the Wizard

  Creating report in Design view

  Printing Reports

• Importing exporting

  Importing

  Exporting

  Linking

• Sorting and Filtering

  Introduction

  Sorting

  Filter by Selection

  Filter by Form

  Saving a Filter

  Keyboard Shortkeys

  How to install MS-Access

The Structured Query Language (SQL) is a computer language for accessing and manipulating databases.
The fundamental concept is to think of the data as being stored in one or more tables. When a request is made to retrieve data from these tables, which is called a "query", the resultant output is also presented in as table.

There are many different versions of the SQL language, but to be in compliance with the ANSI SQL '92 Standard, they must use and support the same major keywords in a similar manner (such as SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, INSERT, WHERE, and others.

• Introduction to SQL

  What is database

  DBMS

  What is SQL

  SQL data type & operator

  Data Definition Laungauge

  Data Manipulation Laungauge

  Data Control Laungauge

• SQL Commands

  SQL SELECT

  SQL WHERE

  SQL UPDATE

  SQL DELETE

  SQL INSERT INTO

• SQL Advanced

  SQL Order By

  SQL AND & OR

  SQL In

  SQL Between

  SQL Aliases

  SQL Join

  SQL Union . SQL Functions

  SQL Select Into

  SQL Create View

  Nested Queries

• DATA MANIPULATION

  SQL Create table

  SQL Delete Table

  SQL Create index

  SQL Drop index

  SQL Alter Table

• SQL Function

  What is SQL Function?

  Aggregate Function

  Scalar function

  SQL Group By and Having

• PL/SQL

  Basic structure of PL/SQL

  Variables and type

  Simple program in PL/SQL

  Control flow in PL/SQL

  Cursors

  Printing variables

MySQL Pronounced "my S-Q-L" or "my-see-quill", it is a very popular open source, Relational DBMS from MySQL AB, Uppsala, Sweden (www.mysql.com) that runs under various versions of Unix, Windows and Mac.
Widely used for Web applications and Embedded applications, MySQL is available for free from MySQL AB under the GNU license as well as for a fee without restrictions. MySQL includes a C/C++ interface.

There are also ODBC and JDBC drivers available, and many scripting languages such as Perl, Python, TCL, etc. support it.

• Introduction to RDBMS

  Introduction to SQL

  Evolution of RDBMS

• Introduction to MySQL

  Introduction to MySQL

  Why use MySQL?

  Features of MySql

• Installing MySQL

  Getting the Software

  Installing MySQL

  Post Inastall configuration

• SQL & MySQL Terminologies

  Database Theory

  Sample Database

  Basic Database Terminology

  MySQL & You

• MySQL Basics

  MySQL Data types

  MySQL column types

  Choosing column type

  Working with Sequences

  Character Set Support

• Expressions & Operators

  MySQL Expressions

  Arithmetic Operators

  Logical Operators

  Bit Operators

  Comparison Operator

  Operator Precedence

  Type Conversion

• Working with Tables

  MySQL Table types

  Table Representation on memory

  Portability Characterstics

  Creating a Table

  Temporary Tables

  Creating Tables the Other way

  Merge Tables

  Dropping Tables

  Indexing Tables

  Creating & Dropping Index

  Altering Table Structure

  Foreign Keys & Referential Integrity

• MySQL SQL Syntax

  Naming Rules

  Working with Database

  Select statement

  Insert statement

  Update statement

  Delete statement

  Using UNION

• Query

  Select Statement Revisited

  Selecting Records by condition

• Advance Queries

  Using JOIN

  Performing Transaction

  Using FULLTEXT Searches

• Query Optimization

  Advantages and Disadvantages of Indexing

  Choosing Index type

  MySQL Query optimizer

  Overriding Optimization

  Efficient Data Loading

  Locking

  Optimization for Administrations

• Security

  Introduction

  Securing MySQL under Linux/Unix

  Protecting MySQL under Windows

  Creating New Database user and Granting Permission

  What if you forgot Root password?

• Access System

  Internal Workings of Access System

  Tools for Setting Access Privileges

  Connection Problems

• Data Directory

  Location of Data Directory

  Structure of DD

  Repositioning DD Contents

• General MySQL Administration

  Securing a New Installation

  Server Startup and Shutdown

  User Account management

  Log Files

  Importing and Exporting Text Files

  Multiple Servers

• Advanced MySQL Administration

  Synchronizing with the Server

  Disaster Recovery through Backup & Restore

  Data Recovery and Repair

  Maintenance of MyISAM Tables

  Administration of InnoDB Tables

  Server Tuning

• Replication and Other Administration issues

  Database Migration

  Building Replication Plan

  International Customization, Character Sets

• Programming

  MySQL with Java

  MySQL with PHP

  MySQL with other languages

Macromedia's popular application Flash has redefined the way web developers approach web design. With Flash the web developer is now able to create a user experience that is rich in media and relatively quick loading, especially compared to traditional methods like GIF animations.

Websites made up of music, videos, and custom, graphic intensive interfaces are all possible with Macromedia Flash. Macromedia Flash is an industry leading tool that supplies its users with animations, presentations, and mind blowing websites, while doing this at a constant low bandwidth.

• Macromedia Flash

  Introduction to Flash

  Flash movies

  Flash Toolbars

  Symbols

  Animation in Flash

  Guide Layers

PageMaker is a desktop publishing program from Adobe which creates layout of text and graphics on paper. It can create layouts for individual, multiple, and double-sided pages.
Graphics and text can be placed anywhere in the publication, and there are features for wrapping text around graphics and overlaying text on graphics. Text can be imported from and exported to files in most Mac and PC formats, as well as ASCII files.

PageMaker can import graphics that are in Paint-type, PICT and PICT2, Encapsulated PostScript, and TIFF file formats.

• Introduction to PageMaker

  Introduction

  Advantages of PageMake

• Getting Started

  Opening the PageMaker

  Creating a New Document

  New Document Windows

  PageMaker Toolbox

  Saving file using Save As

  Opening an existing Document

• PageMaker Components

  Dialog Boxes

• Automate your work

  PageMaker Styles

  Using PageMaker Templates

  Using Master Page

• Layout Leading

  Adjusting Space

  Advance Charter Formating

  Working with Kerning

  Using Spacing

  Inserting and Removing Pages

  Working with Columns

• Working with Plug-ins

  Working with the Add Cont'd Line

  Balancing Columns

  Applying Bullets and Numbers

  Changing case of Text

  Working with Drop Cap

  Using the Grid Manager

  Using Build Booklet Plug-in

  Using running Headers & Footers

  Selector Option

• Working With Graphics

  Overview

  Drawing with PageMaker

  Panning Graphics

  Using Text Wrap

• Working With Color

  Applying Color

  Creating New Color

  Using Color Library

• Printing Your document

  Printing a standard document

CorelDRAW is an intuitive graphics design application that gives designers an enjoyable work experience. The program is built to meet the demands of today’s graphics professionals. Whether you work in advertising, printing, publishing, sign making, engraving, or manufacturing, CorelDRAW offers the tools you need to create accurate and creative vector illustrations and professional-looking page layouts.

CorelDRAW is a vector illustration and page layout program with powerful integrated tools for illustration, photo editing, and painting. Unique interactive tools set it apart, saving you time and making the design process easier. One will learn how to create publications, such as logos and brochures, for use on the Web or in print. Specific skills include creating and transforming objects, adding text and colour to drawings, and creating and modifying symbols and layers in drawings.
CorelDRAW is one of the most powerful and versatile illustration programs on the market today, on any platform. What you do with CorelDRAW is limited only by your imagination, time, and budget. You can see projects ranging from fine art frescoes to silk-screened T-shirts to laser engraved stainless steel parts. Your use may be as ordinary as a flyer for a garage sale or as complex as the annual report for a Fortune 500 company. From desktop publishing to fine art, CorelDRAW gives you the tools. The talent, inspiration and effort come from you.

• Introduction of CorelDraw

  Introduction

  Advantage of CorelDraw

  Installing CorelDraw

  Description of Window of CorelDraw

  Shapes & Objects

• Getting Started

  Menu Bar

  Tool Bar

  Property Bar

  Starting Coreldraw

  Working with Template

  Saving of a Document

  Print Preview

  Printing of a Document

• Basics of CorelDraw

  Creating Basic Shapes

  Working with Shape Tool

  Appling Outline & Fills

  Adding Text to Document

  Working with eraser & knife tool

  Working with Grid & Guidelines

• Working with various Objects & Shapes

  Welding of Two Objects or shapes

  Trimming of an Object

  Combining of two Objects

  The Intersection Command

  Transformation or resizing of an Object

  Powerclip on Object

  Aligning of Objects

  Working with Curves

• Effects on objects

  Creating Drop Shadow

  Creating Blending Effect

  Fill Text with Pattern

  Working with Envelop Tool

  3D-Effect on Object

  Applying Perspective

• Working with Text

  Working with Artistic Text

  Working with Paragraph Text

  Formatting Text

  Moving Text Block/Rotating

• Importing & Exporting of Object

  Importing object in a document

  Exporting object

• Tips & Tricks in CorelDraw

  Tracing of Logo and various objects

  Creation of beautiful patterns

  Use of Nudge Offset button

  Drawing of a vector image

  An Overview on Fountain Fills

• Working with Bitmaps

  Converting Objects to Bitmap

  Edit Bitmap

  Cropping Bitmap

  Mode

  3D Effects

  Art Strokes

  Blur Strokes

  Disort Effects

InDesign was positioned as a high-end alternative and successor to Adobe's own PageMaker. InDesign's primary adopters are designers of periodical publications, posters, and other print media; longer documents still are designed with FrameMaker (manuals and technical documents) or with QuarkXPress (books, catalogs). The combination of a relational database, InDesign and Adobe InCopy word processor, which uses the same formatting engine as InDesign, is the heart of dozens of publishing systems for newspapers, magazines, and other publishing environments.

Adobe developed InDesign as a universal binary for native Intel and PowerPC Mac compatibility, shipping InDesign CS3 in April 2007. The CS2 Mac version has code tightly integrated with the PPC architecture, and not natively compatible with the Intel processors in Apple's new machines. Porting these products was therefore a huge endeavor. Adobe decided to devote all its resources to developing CS3, integrating Macromedia products acquired in 2005, rather than recompiling CS2 and simultaneously developing CS3.

• Introduction

  Getting started

  Description of Application Window

  Saving of document

  Closing of document

• Tools of Indesign

  Tools Overview

  Selection Tools

  Type and Drawing Tools

  Transformation Tools

  Editing Tools

• Working with Layout

  Grids and Guides

  Pages and Spreads

  Master Pages

  Working with layers

  Working with Text

  Working with Tables

• Drawing in Indesign

  Drawing with the Line and Shape Tools

  Drawing with Pen and Pencil Tool

  Editing Paths

  Applying Stroke Settings

  Compound Paths and Shapes

  Transformation of Objects

  Alignment of Objects

  Duplicating of Objects

  Effects of Indesign

  Applying Color & Gradients

  Frames and objects

  Placing Graphics

Illustrator is a professional quality graphic art program. Its applications are diverse, from creating print to web graphics and, for our purposes, posters. Although the program is complex and requires a significant amount of time to truly master, it is quite easy to learn the basics and create work with a professional appearance. Designing a poster does not require any special artistic talent or skills; it just requires having the patience to get acquainted with the program.

Illustrator is a drawing and design package. This course will give you the experience you need to produce professional Graphics and Illustrations and will increase your levels of productivity and creativity within Adobe Illustrator.

• Introduction of Illustrator

  About vector and rastor graphics

  Description of Application window

  Getting started

  Opening and Importing of Graphic Images

  Saving of Drawing

• Basics of Illustrator

  Using the Pen tool

  Applying strokes & fills

  Applying and Modifying Gradients

  Transformation of objects

  Transparency of objects

• Illustrator Tools

  Tools Panel Overview

  Selection Tools

  Drawing Tools

  Type Tools

  Painting Tools

  Reshaping Tools

  Symbolism Tools

  Graph Tools

  Moving and Zoom tools

• Illustrator Fundamentals

  Aligning objects

  Duplicating objects

  Grouping objects

  Working with groups and subgroups

  Working with layers

  Pathfinder

  Arrangement of objects

• Effects of Illustrator

  Extrude and Bevel

  Disort and Transform

  DropShadow Effect

  Working with Text

Adobe Flash Professional is used to create content for the Adobe Engagement Platform (such as web applications, games and movies, and content for mobile phones and other embedded devices).

Macromedia Flash is an industry leading tool that supplies its users with animations, presentations, and mind blowing websites, while doing this at a constant low bandwidth. This may get you to asking some questions. Flash is commonly used to create animation, advertisements, various web page components, to integrate video into web pages, and more recently, to develop rich Internet applications. Macromedia Flash player numbers indicate that it is used by more then 386 million people. This number translates to mean that if you have Flash in your website, over 97.4% of your online audience will be able to see it using the Macromedia Flash player.

• Introduction To Macromedia Flash

  Starting Flash

  Introduction

  Getting to know Flash

  What you can do with Flash

  What’s new in Flash

  Installing Flash

  Flash Application Window

• Getting Started With Flash

  Getting started

  Menu

  Document properties

  Frame rate

  Tools

  Panels

  Library

  Timeline

• Flash Basics

  Drawing and Modifying Lines and Shapes

  Using The Pencil Tool and its Options

  The Free Transform Tool

  To create a movie clip/button/graphic symbol

  To draw a PolyStar

  To draw a circular edged box

• Symbols

  Understanding Symbols

  Graphic symbol

  Movie Clip symbol

  Button Symbol

• Tweening

  Tweening

  Motion Tweening

  Guide layer Tweening

  Orient to Path

  Easing

  Shape Tweening

  Shape Hints

  Tint Tweening

• Masking Effects

  Text Masking

  Two-Image Masking

  Dragging Mask

  Animated mask

  Masking effect

• Text and its Style

  Color effect

  Harmony effect

  Stretch zoom and slide effect

  Text appearance effect

  Text Basics

  Text blink effect

  Typing effect

  Text effect

  Titration Text Effect

• Basic Effects

  Rotating and Zooming

  Zoom in Zoom out

  Fade in Fade out

  To apply gradient to an element

  To transform a gradient

  To play with the border

  Vanishing Picture effect

  Transformation effect

  Simple image animation

  Photo animation

  Bouncing Ball

• Advanced Flash Effects

  Adding timeline effects

  Drawing a car

  Frame by frame animation

  Attaching video

  Attaching audio

  Blur Image slide show

  Simple header effect

  Ripple effect

  Sparkle effect

• Adding Action Script To Your File

  Introduction to ActionScript

  Play, Pause, Stop, next frame, previous frame

  Analog clock

  Complete date with Digital clock

  Custom mouse cursor

  Mouse follower

  Output with keyboard keys

  Moving an object via keyboard arrow keys

  Tool Tip

• Keyboard Shortcuts

  Keyboard Shortcuts

Microsoft Office Publisher is a desktop publishing application from Microsoft. It is often considered to be an entry-level desktop publishing application, differing from Microsoft Word in that the emphasis is placed on page layout and design rather than text composition and proofing.

Microsoft Publisher 2007 provides simple story editing with Microsoft Word 2007, but unlike Adobe InDesign & Adobe InCopy, it does not provide built in XML story board and copy-editing support.

Publisher is included in high-end editions of Microsoft Office. This reflects Microsoft's emphasis on Publisher as an easy to use and less expensive alternative to the "heavyweights" and also its focus on the small business market where firms do not have dedicated design professionals available to make marketing materials and other documents.

• Introduction to Microsoft Publisher

  Introduction to Microsoft Publisher

  Features of Publisher

• Getting Started with Publisher

  Starting Publisher

  Publisher Interface description

  Publisher Menus

  Publisher Toolbars

• Working with Publications

  Creating a Basic Publication

  Formatting Publication using Task pane

  Working with Text

  Working with Pages

• Advanced Text editing and formatting

  Text Editing

  Text formatting with formatting toolbar

  Advanced Text Formatting

  Paragraph Formatting

• Working with Graphics & Design options

  Adding Business information

  Working with Images

  Image editing

  Editing Publication Design

• Printing & Publishing Publications

  Print Previewing a Publication

  Using Page setup

  Printing a Publication

HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the predominant markup language for the creation of web pages. It provides a means to describe the structure of text-based information in a document — by denoting certain text as headings, paragraphs, lists, and so on — and to supplement that text with interactive forms, embedded images, and other objects. HTML can also describe, to some degree, the appearance and semantics of a document, and can include embedded scripting language code which can affect the behavior of web browsers and other HTML processors.

HTML is a subset of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) and is specified by the World Wide Web Consortium W3C .

• Introduction to HTML

  What is HTML?

  Why do we need HTML?

  Basics of HTML

• HTML Tags

  Introduction

  Basic Tags

  Character format Tags

  Output Tags

  Block Tags

  Other Tags

  Summary

• HTML Colors

  Introduction

  Different color review

• HTML Lists

  Introduction

  Unordered List

  Ordered List

  Definition List

  Examples

• Hyperlinks

  Introduction

  Hyperlinks

  Tags used in Hyperlinks

  Types of linking

  How to Hyperlink an Image

• Multimedia

  Introduction

  Working with Images

  How to Hyperlink an Image

  How to Make the Image as Hyperlink

  How to Create the Page with Image as Background

  Working with the Video Files

  Attributes with Example

  How to Add the Audio Files to Your Page

• Frames

  Introduction

  Different Types of Frame

  Frame Tag & Its Attributes

  Examples of Different Frames

• Tables

  Introduction

  Table Tags

  Attributes

  How to Create Table?

  Example on the Colspan and Rowspan

• Frames and Input Elements

  Introduction

  Form Tags

  The Form’s Action, Attributes & Submit Button

  Input Tags and Its Attributes

  Text Fields

  Password Fields

  Radio Buttons

  Checkbox Buttons

  Text area Tags

  Label Tags

  Field set Tags

  Select Tag

  Opt Group Tags

  Option Tags

  Optional Attributes

  Buttons

JavaScript is a powerful, object-based scripting language; JavaScript programs can be embedded directly in HTML web pages.
When combined with the Document Object Model (DOM) defined by a web browser, JavaScript allows you to create Dynamic HTML content and interactive client-side web applications.

JavaScript syntax is based on the popular programming languages C, C++, and Java, which makes it familiar and easy to learn for experienced programmers. At the same time, JavaScript is an interpreted scripting language, providing a flexible programming environment in which new programmers can learn easily.

• Introduction to JavaScript

  What is Javascript

  Javascript is Java or what?

  What we can do using Javascript?

  What user should know before using Javascript

  What Hardware & Software requirements are to run JavaScript?

  How to use JavaScript into HTML code?

  Is semi colon needed to end the statement?

• What is data type & Variable?

  Number

  String

  Boolean

  Null & undefined

  Infinite and NAN

  Arrays

• Popup Boxes

  Alert Box

  Prompt Box

  Confirm Box

• Operators

  Arithmetic Operators

  Logical Operators

  Assignment Operators

  Comparison Operators

  String Operators

  Ternary Operators

• Type Conversion

  Conversion to Boolean

  Conversion to Number

  Conversion to String

• Condition Checking

  If

  If - - else

  if - - else if – else

  Switch

• Looping

  while

  do – while

  For

  break and continue

  for - - in

• Function

  User defined simple functions

  Parameterized functions

  Functions Returning Values

  Recursive Functions

  Scope of a variable

• Events

  onblur

  onclick

  ondblclick

  onfocus

  onkeydown

  onkeypress

  onkeyup

  onload

  onmousedown

  onmousemove

  onmouseout

  onmouseover

  onmouseup

  onreset

  onresize

  onselect

  onsubmit

  onunload

• DOM (Document Object Model)

  DOM window

  DOM Navigator

  DOM screen

  DOM history

  DOM document

• Error Handling

  Try - - Catch

  throw

• Objects

  Properties

  Methods

  Functions also behaves like objects

  Array also behaves like objects

  Form Object

  String Object

  Math Object

  Date Object

  Regular Expressions

• Browser Details of Client

  Browser name

  Browser version

• Cookies in JavaScript

  What are cookies

• Validations using JavaScript

  Validations using JavaScript

• Animations using JavaScript

  Animations using JavaScript

• Time settings using JavaScript

  Time settings using JavaScript

PHP Shorts for "Php Hypertext PreProcessor" is a widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. It generally runs on a web server, taking PHP code as its input and creating web pages as output.
While PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995, the main implementation of PHP is now produced by The PHP Group and serves as the de facto standard for PHP as there is no formal

specification. It can be deployed on most web servers and on almost every operating system and platform free of charge.PHP is installed on more than 20 million websites and 1 million servers. It is also the most popular Apache module among computers using Apache as a web server. The most recent major release of PHP was version 5.2.6 on May 1, 2008.

• Introduction to LAMP and PHP

  Introduction to LAMP

  Getting Your Environment Ready

  Alternatives available on Windows

  Introduction to PHP

  Why PHP?

  Where do PHP Stands?

• Getting Started with PHP

  Pre-requisite

  Choosing an Editor

  Testing your Environment

  First PHP script

• PHP Basics

  PHP Syntax

  PHP comments

  PHP Operators

  PHP Execution Operator - Executing Server Side Commands

• Variable, Arrays & String

  PHP Variables

  PHP String

  PHP Arrays

  Explode and Implode

• PHP Flow control and looping

  IF-ELSE

  Switch-case

  PHP Loops

• PHP Functions

  What is a PHP function?

  Creating and using simple functions

  Passing parameter to a Function

  Returning values from function

  Built-in Functions

  File inclusion functions

• Object Oriented Programming with PHP5

  Introduction

  Benefits of OOP

  Difference between PHP4 & PHP5

  Classes and Objects in PHP5

  Creating and Using Classes in PHP5

• Working with File System & I/O

  Working with Directories

  Working with Files

  Creating, Copying, moving and Deleting File

• Working with Forms

  Creating Simple HTML form

  More Complex Form

  Using validation with Forms

• Working with Database

  Introduction

  Creating a Connection

  Retrieving Database and Table list

  Creating Databases and Tables

  Using MySQL DML command

  Retrieving record from database

  Error Handling

• Session management and Cookie

  What is a Cookie?

  Creating and Using Cookie

  What is a PHP Session?

  Using Session management in PHP

• PHP Advanced

  Handling File Upload

  PHP E-mail

  Date

  PHP XML

  PHP Filter

• Appendix

  PHP Filter

Style sheets are a very powerful tool for the Web site developer. They give you the chance to be completely consistent with the look and feel of your pages, while giving you much more control over the layout and design than straight HTML ever did.

HTML tags were originally designed to define the content of a document. They were supposed to say "This is a header", "This is a paragraph", "This is a table", by using tags like <h1>, <p>,<table> and so on. The layout of the document was supposed to be taken care of by the browser, without using any formatting tags.

• Introduction

  Introduction to CSS

  Difference between CSS and HTML

• Getting Started with CSS

  Basic CSS Syntax

  CSS Comments

  CSS Identifier

  Background Colors and images

  Cascading

• Formatting HTML with CSS

  CSS Text

  CSS Font

  CSS Links

  CSS Padding

  Margins

• Layout

  Line Spacing

  CSS Positioning

  CSS Layers

• Border

  Border Color

  Border Width

  Border Style

  Side Border

  Border

• Margins

  Top Margin

  Left Margin

  Bottom Margin

  Right Margin

• Advance CSS

  Cursor

  Classification

  Dimension

  onMouseover Effect

  Creating a CSS based menu

• Miscellaneous

  Color Value

  Media

  Style Object

• Web Standard

  Web standards and Validation

Dynamic HTML, a combination of HTML enhancements, scripting language and interface that are used to deliver animations, interactions and dynamic updating on Web pages.

The two major elements are the JavaScript language and the DOM (Documetn Object Model). JavaScript is a derivative of JavaScript, and DOM is an interface that presents the HTML document to the programmer as an object model for ease in updating.Thus the dynamic characteristic of DHTML is the way it functions while a page is viewed, not in its ability to generate a unique page with each page load.

A DHTML webpage is any webpage in which client-side scripting changes variables of the presentation definition language, which in turn affects the look and function of otherwise "static" HTML page content, after the page has been fully loaded and during the viewing process.

• Introduction to DHTML

  What is DHTML

  Working with HTML DOM

• DHTML collections & styles

  DOM Collections

  Dynamic Styles

  Dynamic Expressions

• DHTML Browser Object Model

  Window object

  Status and defaultstatus

  Frames

  Windows Child object

  InnerText and InnerHTML

• DHTML DOM

  Hierarchical Structure of DOM

  Accessing elements through DOM

• DHTML Events

  Introduction to DHTML events

  Onload & OnUnload events

  Onmouseover and Onmouseout events

  Onclick event

• DHTML Examples

  DHTML rollover menu

  No Rightclick[IE & Safari only]

DTD is a language that describes the contents of an SGML/HTML (or simply markup) document. The DTD is also used with XML, and the DTD definitions may be embedded within an XML document or in a separate file.

DTDs cannot be used to define XML namespaces, and DTDs are written using their own syntax, not XML syntax. As a result, XML schemas such as W3C XML Schema and RELAX NG are used to define the content of an XML document.

In a DTD, the structure of a class of documents is described via element and attribute-list declarations. Element declarations name the allowable set of elements within the document, and specify whether and how declared elements and runs of character data may be contained within each element.
Attribute-list declarations name the allowable set of attributes for each declared element, including the type of each attribute value, if not an explicit set of valid value(s).

• Introduction to DTD

  Introduction to XML DTD

• DTD Building Blocks

  Element, Attributes & Entities

  DTD Elements

  DTD Attributes

  DTD Entities

  DTD ATTLIST Declration

  DTD NOTATION, SHORTREF

• DTD Examples

  Sample DTD

  Sample DTD Explanation

Ajax (shorthand for asynchronous JavaScript + XML) is a group of interrelated web development techniques used on the client-side to create interactive web applications. With Ajax, web applications can retrieve data from the server asynchronously in the background without interfering with the display and behavior of the existing page.The use of Ajax techniques has led to an increase in interactive or dynamic interfaces on web pages.

Data is usually retrieved using the XMLHttpRequest object. Despite the name, the use of JavaScript and XML is not actually required, nor do the requests need to be asynchronous.
The term Ajax has come to represent a broad group of web technologies that can be used to implement a web application that communicates with a server in the background, without interfering with the current state of the page.

• AJAX Introduction

  What is Ajax?

  Why Ajax ?

  Technologies used in AJAX

  How does it works?

  Drawbacks of Ajax

• AJAX: getting started

  Elements(Technologies) used in Ajax

  XML Basic

  The XMLHttpRequest Object

  Ajax using the GET and POST method

• AJAX Request

  Introduction

• AJAX Browsers

  Ajax Working With browser

• AJAX XMLHttpRequest

  Introduction

• AJAX Examples

  Creating Your First AJAX Page

  The JavaScript Function

  The Back-End & Front-End Page

• Real-life examples & Usage cases

  Ajax with PHP

  Search example

  Ajax- form vatidation

The Document Object Model (DOM) is a platform- and language-independent standard object model for representing HTML or XML and related formats.

A web browser is not obliged to use DOM in order to render an HTML document. However, the DOM is required by JavaScript scripts that wish to inspect or modify a web page dynamically. In other words, the Document Object Model is the way JavaScript sees its containing HTML page and browser state.

Because the DOM supports navigation in any direction and allows for arbitrary modifications, an implementation must at least buffer the document that has been read so far.
Hence the DOM is likely to be best suited for applications where the document must be accessed repeatedly or out of sequence order. If the application is strictly sequential and one-pass, the SAX model is likely to be faster and use less memory.
In addition, non-extractive XML parsing models, such as VTD-XML, provide a new memory-efficient option.

• HTML DOM Introduction

  What is the DOM?

  HTML Application of Core DOM

  Miscellaneous Object Definitions

  Objects related to HTML documents

• Working with HTML DOM

  Introduction

  getElementsByTagName ()

  getElementsByID()

  Accessing Element and Text Nodes Hierarchically

  Attaching Events

  Accessing Attribute Nodes

  Accessing Nodes by Type, Name or Value

  Accessing Nodes by Class Name

  Removing Nodes from the DOM

  Creating New Nodes

  setAttribute() Method

• HTML Elements

  Property Attributes

  Naming Exceptions

  Interface HTML Element

• Object definitions

  Reference about all Interface element

Java Server Pages (JSP) technology enables Web developers and designers to rapidly develop and easity maintain, information- rich, dynamic Web pages that leverage exiting business systems.
As part of the Java technology family, JSP technology enables rapid development of Web-based applications that are platform independent.
JSP technology separates the user interface from content generation, enabling designers to change the overall page layout without altering underlying dynamic content.

The prerequisites are :
* HTML .You should be able to put together HTML pages.
* Java . You should be able to program in Java.

• Evolution of Web Application

  Introduction

  Main Issues

  Characteristics

  Java’s Role for Server Applications

  Java Server Pages-An Overview

  The component of JSPs

  How JSP and JSP Container Function

  JSP Architecture

  Benefits of JSP

• Introduction to Java Server Pages

  What is Java Server Pages?

  How a JSP Page Looks Like?

  Why we employ JSP?

  JSP Advantages

  Convenience of JSP Coding Versus Servlet Coding

  Seprations of Bussiness Logic from Page Presentation

  JSP Pages and Alternative Markup Languages

  What we need to Get Started?

  Sample Example

• JSP Overview

  Structure of a JSP page

  Directives

  Scripting Elements

  JSP Tags

• Overview of JSP Syntax Elements

  Introduction

  Directives

  Scripting Elements

  JSP Objects

  Using an implicit Object

  Object Scopes

  Standard Action: JSP Tags

• JSP Directives

  Introduction

  The JSP Page Directive

  The JSP include Directive

  Example Using Scripting Elements and Directives

• JSP Scripting Element

  Introduction

  JSP Expression

  JSP Scriptlet

  JSP Declarations

• Comments and Character Quoting Conversions

  Comments and Character Quoting

• Actions in JSP

  Introduction

  The jsp:include Action

  What's New in JSP

  The jsp:useBean Action

  More jsp:useBean Details

  The jsp:set Property Action

  The jsp:get Property Action

  The jsp:forward Action

  The jsp:plugin Action

• Session Management in JSP

  Introduction

  Standard Actions

  Usign JavaBean Components

  Forwarding Request

  Request Chainging

  Including Requests

  Synchronization Issues

• JSP Components

  Introduction

  Setting Up the JSP Component's J2EE Application

  Setting Up the Database

  Writing the JSP File

  Coding the JavaBeans Component

  Compiling the JavaBeans Component

  Creating the JSP Component's .war File

  Specifying the JNDI Names

  Deploying the JSP Component's J2EE Application

  Running the JSP Component

• JSP Cookies

  Introduction

  Cookie Class

  Example Using Cookies

• Exception Handling in JSP Pages

  What are Exception?

  How to catch Exceptions?

  Building Demo Pages

  Running the Demo Pages

  Improved FormHandler.jsp

• Accessing Database from JSP

  Introduction

  Database

  JSP code for connection

  Explanation of Codes

• Predefined Variables in JSP

  Introduction

  Different Predefined Variables

• Syntax Summary

  Summary

jQuery is great library for developing Ajax based application; It is also a great library for JavaScript script programmer, that makes it easy to create wonderful web effects in just a few lines of code . It was released in January 2006 at BarCamp NYC by John Resig.You can use jQuery to develop cool web 2.0 applications. jQuery helps the programmers to keep code simple and concise. The jQuery library is designed to keep the things very simple and reusable.

jQuery is java script and can be used with JSP, Servlets, ASP, PHP, CGI and almost all the web programming languages.
JQuery is nothing but simply call a JavaScript base library. It adds syntax to the JavaScript language to ease working with the DOM.

• Introduction With JQuery

  Introduction

  Why Jquery?

  Technology used in JQuery

  Features & Facts of JQuery

  Example Explaning the working of JQuery

• Module 2:

  Getting started with JQuery

• Module 3:

  Examples and Explanations(How to use it in application)

• Module 4:Advance JQuery

  Dynamic Application of JQuery

A syndication format that was developed by Netscape in 1999 and became very popular for aggregating updates to blogs and the news sites. RSS has also stood for "Rich Site Summary" and "RDF Site Summary."
RSS is a family of web feed formats used to publish frequently updated content such as blog entries, news headlines or podcasts.

An RSS document, which is called a "feed," "web feed," or "channel," contains either a summary of content from an associated web site or the full text.

RSS makes it possible for people to keep up with their favorite web sites in an automated manner that's easier than checking them manually.

• Introduction to RSS

  History of RSS

  What is RSS?

• Basic of RSS

  Anatomy of RSS

  How RSS works?

• RSS Syntax

  RSS channel

  RSS Item

• Advanced RSS

  Publishing Your RSS

  Subscribing and Reading a Feed

VBScript is a scripting language. VBScript was created by Microsoft to use either as a client-side scripting language for the Microsoft Internet Explorer (versions 3.0 and later) or as a server-side scripting language with the Microsoft Internet Information Server (versions 3.0 and later).A primary advantage for using the server-side approach is that the VBScript is processed by the server before it is transmitted to the client.


In our VBScript tutorial you will learn how to write VBScript, and how to insert these scripts into your HTML files to make your web pages more dynamic and interactive. VBScript Version 5.0 was released in 1999.
Certainly, the most important new feature of Version 5.0 is the ability to create your own class objects. Other new features included like the Timer function, With statement, and regular expression searching using the RegExp and Match objects.

• Introduction With VBScript

  Introduction

  What is VBScript?

  VBScript Code in an HTML Document

  Handle Older Browsers

  Placing the VBScript

• Working With VBScript

  Adding VBScript to a Web page

  Adding VBScript

  Preferred Method to Include VBScript

• VBScript Variable

  Introduction to Variables

  Declaring Variables

  Variants and Subtypes

  Scope of Variables

  Constants and Arrays

• VBScript Operators

  Introduction

  Operators with its description

• Conditional and looping

  Introduction

  Conditional Statements

  Looping Statements

• VBScript Procedures

  Introduction

  Sub Procedures

  Function Procedures

  Getting Data into and out of Procedures

WML (Wireless Markup Language) is the new web language for making sites on mobile phones.
Over the past few months new WAP (Wireless Applications Protocol) phones have become extremely popular and many large websites have created special 'mobile' versions of their site.

Many people predict that, over the next few years, WAP sites will become even morepopular and e-commerce over mobile phones will be widely available.

Wireless Markup Language(WML) based on XML, is a content format for devices that implement the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) specification, such as mobile phones, and preceded the use of other markup languages now used with WAP, such as XHTML and even standard HTML (which are gaining in popularity as processing power in mobile devices increases).

• Introduction to WAP

  Evolution of XML

  Introduction to WAP & WML

  Benefits of WAP

• Basics of WML

  Structure of WML document

  The wml Tag

  Basic WML Tags

  WML Comments

• WML Formatting Tags

  The p Tag

  The b Tag

  The em & i Tag

  The strong Tag

  The u Tag

• WML Linking Tags

  The a Tag

  The anchor Tag

  The go tag

  The prev Tag

• WML Form

  The input Tag

  The option & optgroup Tags

  The fieldset tag

  The postfield Tag

• Other WML Tags

  head Tag

  noop tag

  onevent Tag

  WML Table Tag

  The timer Tag

  refresh Tag

  setvar Tag

This Manual is for developing a web application starting from Scratch , we here discuss every thing from the Beginning and giving you a step by step knowledge , expecting you don’t know about the web development, how can you start web development, what is the requirements & tools, what is the editors to be used etc.In spite of these we here give a step by step help section, print screens, Interview Questions and appendix to actually visualize you to grasp the Logic as well as presentation of actual web development.

This manual, teaches you all flavors of development phases starting from Learning the concept, explaining with examples, basic requirement for a software development, tools software’s, leaning materials and giving the idea of how a software development process going on with providing DFD, flowchart E-R diagram, and suitable screen shots and of course project documentation.
And as soon as you follow this, at the last you must feel that the fear of the evil of development will go, and now you have capability to develop software.

• Getting Started

  Preface

• Introduction

  About WWP

• Introduction to Web Technology

  Client-Server Technology

  Apache Web Server

  World Wide Web & Internet

  Web Browsers

  Web Standards (W3C)

  Database Management System

• Server Side & Client Side Script

  Introduction to HTML

  Introduction to CSS

  Introduction to Java Script

  Introduction to PHP

  php oop's concepts

  Introduction to MySql

• Operating System

  Windows XP & Vista

• Installation & Configuration of Packages

  Installation of Wamp

  Working With WAMP

  Working With WAMP

• Manual Installation

  Installation of Apache

  Installation of PHP

  Installation of MySql

• WYSWYG Tools for Windows

  Edit Plus

  Dreamweaver

• Project Documentation

  Introduction

  Idea for making this project

  Reasons

  Solution

• DETAILED ABOUT PROJECT

  Basic Features

  Aim and Objectives

  Platform (Technologies/Tools)

  Project Description

• MODULES

  Admin Module

  User Module

  Quiz Module

• STRUCTURE PATTERN

  Flow Chart

  DFD

  E-R Diagram

• DATABASE

  Creating Database

• HTML View

  HTML View for the Quiz system

XHTML is a markup language for Web pages from the W3C(World Wide Web Consortium). XHTML combines HTML and XML into a single format (HTML 4.0 and XML 1.0). Like XML, XHTML can be extended with proprietary tags. Also like XML, XHTML must be coded more rigorously than HTML. Over the years, HTML coders have become sloppy, because Web browser software was originally written to tolerate many variations in HTML coding, but, with XHTML, coders must conform to the XML rules.

In one sentence we can say that XHTML is a superset of HTML, but unlike HTML it is stricter to rules and requires a document to follow XML rules.Whereas HTML is an application of SGML, a very flexible markup language, XHTML is an application of XML, a more restrictive subset of SGML.

• Introduction to XHTML

  History of HTML

  Evolution of XHTML

  XHTML vs. HTML

  Why XHTML

  XHTML Tags and CSS Styles

• Basic Document Layout

  Getting started with XHTML

  Structuring Page Content

  Paragraph & blockquote tags

  Line Breaks <br/>

  Heading

  Horizontal Rules

  XHTML Lists

  Linking Pages

• Document Style

  Applying Styles

  Margins

  Alignment

  Width and Height

  Color

  Spans and Divisions

  Style Selectors and Classes

  Styling Lists

  Borders and Padding

  Element Sizing

  Element Positioning

• Formatting Text

  Font Settings

  Text Properties

  Font Style Tags

  Text and Background Colors

  Special Characters

• Graphics

  Supported Graphic Formats

  Displaying Images in web pages

  Background Images

• Creating Links

  Text Links

  Graphic Links

  Image Maps

• Working with Tables

  XHTML table Tag

  XHTML tfoot Tag

  XHTML th Tag

  XHTML tbody Tag

  XHTML td Tag

  XHTML tr Tag

  Text Alignment

  Column and Row Span

  Using Tables for Page Layout

• Incorporating Multimedia

  Audio/Video Formats

  Playing Audio

  Playing Video

• Using Frames in WebPages

  Creating Framesets

  Targeting Frames

  Floating Frames iframe

• Working with XHTML Form elements

  Form Controls

  Creating Forms

  Textbox Controls

  Textarea Control

  Radio Buttons

  Checkboxes

  Drop-Down Lists

  Submit and Reset Buttons

  Group Boxes and Tab Order

• Designing Web Sites

  Site Structure

  Storyboarding

  Page Colors

  Typography

  Accessibility

• Events

  OnBlur Event

  OnChange Event

  OnClick Event

  OnFocus Event

  OnKeyDown Event

  OnLoad Event

  OnMouseDown Event

  OnMouseMove Event

  OnMouseOut Event

  OnMouseover Event

  Unload Event

• XHTML DTD

  XHTML 1.0 DTD Reference

The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is a general-purpose markup language. Its primary purpose is to facilitate the sharing of data across different information systems, particularly via the Internet. It is a simplified subset of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), and is designed to be relatively human-legible.

By adding semantic constraints, application languages can be implemented in XML. These include XHTML, RSS, MathML, GraphML, Scalable Vector Graphics(SVG), MusicXML, and thousands of others.

Moreover, XML is sometimes used as the specification language for such application languages.
What makes XML truly powerful is the acceptance and hard work done by all those who work with databases, programming, office application, etc.
It is because of this hard work that the tools exist to do these conversions from whatever platform into standardized XML data or convert XML into a format used by that platform.

• Markup Languages

  History Markup Languages

  Introduction to XML

• What is XML?

  XML and SGML

  XML and HTML

  Why XML

• XML Basic

  XML how to

  XML Syntax and Elements

  XML Attributes

  Entity References

  Comments

• Valid XML

  What is a Document?

  Well- Formed XML Document

  Valid XML Document

• XML DTD

  Introduction to DTD

  DTD Elements

  DTD Attributes

  DTD Entities

• XML Formatting

  Formatting XML with CSS

  Formatting XML with XSL

• XML Parser

  Working with MS XML Parser

  Mozilla & Opera XML Parser

  XML Data island

• XML Schema

  Introduction to XML Schema

  Schema vs. DTD

  XML Schema Elements

  XML Schema Attributes

  XML Schema Facets

  XML Schema Example

• XML Advanced

  Namespaces

  CDATA

  PCDATA

• XML on Work

  XML and Server

  XML in Real Life

  XML Technologies

The definition of an XML document, which includes the XML tags and their interrelationships. Residing within the document itself, an XML schema may be used to verify the integrity of the content.

Various recommendations for an XML schema were submitted to the W3C, and a standard was approved in May 2001 that included the ability to define data by type (date, integer, etc.).

An XML schema is a description of a type of XML document, typically expressed in terms of constraints on the structure and content of documents of that type, above and beyond the basic syntax constraints imposed by XML itself.
Through a process called time-sharing, a large computer can handle interaction with hundreds of users simultaneously, giving each the perception of being the sole user.
An XML schema provides a view of the document type at a relatively high level of abstraction.

• Introduction to Schema

  Evolution of XML

  Introduction to DTD

  XMLSchema in sight

  Schema vs. DTD

• Getting Started with XML Schema

  First Schema Document

  Simple Elements

  Simple Attributes

  Simple Restrictions

• XML Schema Data types

  Introduction

  XS Numeric types

  XS Logic, Binary and Text types

  XS Date and Time types

  Data Types and Restrictions

• XS Complex Types

  XS Complex Element

  XS Text only and Mixed Elements

  XS Indicators

  XS Element Substitution

  XS any

• XML Schema and Java

  Introduction to SAX

  Getting the Java XML Parser

  Choosing the suitable XML API

  Parsing XML with SAX

  Validating XML with Java

  XML to JTree

• Schema Validation

  Schema Validation

  Validating Schema with Java

EXtensible Stylesheet Language(XSL) is an standard from the W3C for describing a style sheet for XML documents. It is the XML counterpart to the Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) in HTML and is compatible with CSS2.

XSL is made up of three components:
(1) XSL Transformations (XSLT) is the processing language for XSL. It is used to convert XML documents into HTML or other document types and may be used independently of XSL.
(2) XML Path Language (XPath) is used to identify and select tagged elements within an XML document, and
(3) XSL Formatting Objects (XSL-FO) provides the format vocabulary.

An XSLT is the transformation language, which lets you define a transformation from XML into some other format.
For example, you might use XSLT to produce HTML or a different XML structure. You could even use it to produce plain text or to put the information in some other document format.
eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformation, converts an XML document into another format such as HTML, PDF or text.

• Introduction to XSL

  Introduction

  Overview of XSL Transformations

  XSL output methods

  What's with stylesheets in the first place?

  What Does a Stylesheet Do?

  Transformation capabilities

  The components of the XSL

• Getting Started with XSL

  HTML vs. XSL Formatting Objects

  The Structure of a Stylesheet

  A Complete Example

• XSL Match pattern

  Match Patterns (Locating Elements)

  More Complex Patterns

  Node Tests & Axis Specifiers

• Style Sheets

  Applying Style

  Conflict Resolution

  Applying Style Procedurally

  Named Template Example

  Creating the Result Tree

  Conditional Processing

• XSL Variables

  Declaring and Using Variables

  Numbering

• XSL FO(Formatting Objects)

  XSL Formatting Objects

  Formatting objects and properties

  Sample XSL-FO

  Formatting Object Basics

  Common Formatting Objects

  Page Layout

  Content

  Leaders and Rules

  Graphics

  Links

  Lists

  Tables

  Inlines

  Footnotes

  Floats

  Formatting Properties

• Input Whitespace & Output Serialization

  xsl:preserve-space

  xsl:strip-space

  xsl:output

  xsl:namespace-alias

• Applying Style

  xsl:import

  xsl:include

  xsl:apply-imports

  xsl:attribute-set

  xsl:comment

  xsl:processing-instruction

• XSL Sorting

  Attributes

  Sorting & Numbering

• XSL elements Index

  XSLT Element Index

  XPath Functions

  XSLT Functions

  xsl:stylesheet or xsl:transform

  xsl:template

  xsl:apply-templates

  xsl:for-each

  xsl:call-template

  xsl:param

  xsl:with-param

  xsl:text

  xsl:copy

  xsl:copy-of

  xsl:value-of

  xsl:element

  xsl:if

  xsl:choose

  xsl:when

  xsl:otherwise

  xsl:message

  xsl:variable

  xsl:decimal-format

  xsl:key

  xsl:fallback

Internet is a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks. The origins of the Internet can be traced to the creation of ARPANET as a network of computers under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense in 1969.
Today, the Internet connects millions of computers around the world in a nonhierarchical manner unprecedented in the history of communications. The Internet is a product of the convergence of media, computers, and telecommunications.

The Internet supplements the traditional tools you use to gather information, Data, Graphics, News and correspond with other people. Used skillfully, the Internet shrinks the world and brings information, expertise, and knowledge on nearly every subject imaginable straight to your computer.
By the turn of the century, information, including access to the Internet, will be the basis for personal, economic, and political advancement. The popular name for the Internet is the information superhighway.

• Introduction of Internet

  Introduction

  What is the Internet?

  History & Development of the Internet

  What was ARPANET?

  Architecture of Internet

• Important Definition

  Important Definitions of Internet

• Components of Internet

  Web Browsers

  WWW

  Web Pages

  Website

  HTML

  HTTP

  URL

  Gopher

• Functionality of Internet

  Clint-Server Architecture

  Domain name

  Internet Resources

  Internet Time

  Internet Addressing

  IP Address

  InterNIC

  Internet Society

  ISP

  Protocol

  Search Engines

  TCP/IP

  Computer Viruses

  Security

• History of Web Browsers

  Hot Java

  Netscape Navigator

  Internet Explorer

  Mozzila Firefox

  Opera

  Working with IE6

• Why we need the Internet?

  What can we do on web?

  Safe e-shopping

  Use of Internet for Children

  Culture

  Evaluating Web resources

  Benefits of Internet

• Internet Application

  FTP

  Telnet

  News groups

  Video conferencing

  Chat

  E-commerce

  E-learning

• E-Mail

  Introduction to E-mail

  How does e-mail work?

  Setting up an e-mail accoun

  Sending & Receiving e-mail

• Working with Internet

  File Download

  The different forms of Downloading

  Images on the Web

• A-Z of Internet

  A-Z of Internet

Tally 5.4 is versatile and massive software package , being used by various types of trades and industry.

The Tally 5.4 version also provide facility of inventory management. To take advantages of full potential of tally, the user has to under stand its feature their implication and how to implement them into business scenario. Tally is one of the most simple and complete business solutions available in the world. Anybody who has a basic knowledge of accounts or an average knowledge of English can use Tally.

• Introduction of Tally

  Introduction

• Gateway of Tally

  Gateway of tally

• Account Information

  Introduction

  Groups

  Ledgers

  Voucher type

  Cost center

  Cost categories

• Inventory Information & Voucher entry

  Introduction

  Inventory information

  Voucher entry

  Voucher type

• Company Creation

  Introduction

  Create a new Company

• Ledger creation

  Ledger Basics

  Ledger creation

• Display & Multi account printing

  Display

  Multi accout printing

Tally 8.1 is the world’s first business application to support the concurrent or simultaneous use of different languages - a real breakthrough in business accounting and inventory management software. The feature rich Tally 8.1 is a higher version of the VAT compliant and highly successful Tally 7.2.

Tally as we know is purely Indian Software (Tally Solution Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore) to help you in maintaining accounts & Inventory of your office, home, Industry or for that matter any business which you too may be having.

Backed by a legacy of incredible simplicity, Tally 8.1 takes one more considerable step towards ensuring that concrete business compensation are realized, from accounting on computers.